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Meta-heuristic optimization algorithms aim to tackle real world problems through maximizing some specific criteria such as performance, profit, and quality or minimizing others such as cost, time, and error. Accordingly, this paper introduces an improved version of a well-known optimization algorithm namely Archimedes optimization algorithm (AOA). The enhanced version combines two efficient strategies namely Local escaping operator (LEO) and Orthogonal learning (OL) to introduce the (I-AOA) optimization algorithm. Moreover, the performance of the proposed I-AOA has been evaluated on the CEC’2020 test suite, and three engineering design problems. Furthermore, I-AOA is applied to determine the optimal parameters of polymer electrolyte membrane (PEM) fuel cell (FC). Two commercial types of PEM fuel cells: 250W PEMFC and BCS 500W are considered to prove the superiority of the proposed optimizer …