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Variable message signs (VMS) have been widely applied to alleviate traffic congestion by providing spatiotemporal information related to traffic and network conditions to drivers. There is a debate on whether the VMS information would lead to the less-alleviation of congestion or congestion transfer to the adjacent roads in the different traffic congestion situations due to the inappropriate VMS information. Additionally, it is still unknown how to find a practically applicable method to design the most effective VMS information for drivers.

In order to design and display the appropriate VMS information for drivers under different traffic conditions, this paper aims to identify the effects of VMS on individuals’ route choice behavior by exploring the different effects of VMS on the several separate groups. Drivers in these groups are homogenous in gender, driving experience, education level, occupation, and …