查看文章

Due to the quickly aging population, the number of elderly persons is rapidly increasing, posing significant challenges for monitoring and assisting them in indoor and outdoor settings. Although some techniques are available for the indoor localization of elderly persons, in the coming years, outdoor localization will be an essential part of society. Different approaches such as GPS, range-based, and range-free have been developed for outdoor localization. However, the localization accuracy and precision is still a significant challenge. For accurate and low-cost localization, we propose a novel IoT-based range-based localization for smart city applications. Using the extreme learning machine (ELM), fuzzy system, and modified swarm intelligence, a hybrid optimized fuzzy threshold ELM (HOFTELM) algorithm is developed. The particle swarm grey wolf optimization is used to identify the direction of the moving sensor …