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It is broadly recognized that users of products can develop innovations which complement commercial products offered by businesses, so that general use value is increased and businesses reap additional benefits. However, user-complemented innovations are of dissimilar value and the characteristics of users coming up with the most valuable complements are under-researched. We hypothesize that professional users (compared to hobbyist users) are more likely to develop high-value complementary innovations. Our empirical context is YouMagine, an online platform where complements to the Ultimaker 3D printer are shared. We analyze the diffusion of 614 3D printer designs uploaded by 122 user-complementors, drawing on three data sources: the YouMagine database, codings of usercomplementor characteristics based on web research, and a survey of user-complementors. We find that professional …