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Steel corrosion is known as one of the major structural defects for steel structures such as pipelines. Although various of methods such as measuring weight loss and electrochemical approaches have been utilized for steel corrosion detection, the lack of real-time corrosion measurement approaches limits their application. The high resolution of fiber Bragg grating (FBG) sensor and its ability to provide real-time monitoring make it a potential candidate for steel corrosion detection. In this paper, a corrosion detection approach is developed using FBG sensors. The relationship between corrosion pattern and sensor signal is investigated and validated through experiments. With validation, the results of this study could be extended to multiple types of application such as pipeline, storage tank, etc.