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Ammonia (NH₃) is currently considered to be a potential carbon-free alternative fuel, and its large-scale use as such would certainly decrease greenhouse gas emissions and meet increasingly stringent emission requirements. Although the low flame propagation speed and high NO production of NH₃ hinder its direct application as a renewable fuel, co-combustion of NH₃–H₂ is an effective way to overcome these challenges. In this study, the combustion characteristics of NH₃–H₂ swirling flames under different equivalence ratios and H₂ blending ratios conditions are both numerically and experimentally investigated. Numerically, the One-Dimensional (1D) laminar flame computation presents a comparison base and the Three-Dimensional (3D) numerical simulation yields detailed flame property distributions. Experimentally, the high-speed camera takes instantaneous swirl flame images and the gas analyzer …