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The nasal cannula is widely regarded as a safe and effective means of administering low- and high-flow oxygen to patients irrespective of their age. However, variability in delivered oxygen concentration (F_DO2F_DO2) via nasal cannula has the potential to pose health risks. The present study aimed to evaluate predictive equations for F_DO2 over a large parameter space, including variation in breathing, oxygen flow, and upper-airway geometry representative of both young children and adults.

Realistic nasal airway geometries were previously collected from medical scans of adults, infants, and neonates. Nasal airway replicas based on these geometries were used to measure the F_DO2 for low-flow oxygen delivery during simulated spontaneous breathing. The present study extends previously published data sets to include higher oxygen flows. The extended data sets included nasal …