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In this article, we study wireless-powered cognitive nonorthogonal multiple access (NOMA) Internet of Things (IoT) networks with short-packet communications to improve spectrum utilization and sustainability, as well as reduce the latency under imperfect channel state information (CSI) and successive interference cancelation (SIC). For performance evaluation, closed-form expressions for the block error rate (BLER) of the NOMA users, goodput, energy efficiency, latency, and reliability are derived. To gain some further insights into the system design, two scenarios can be taken into account for the positions of the primary receivers: 1) they are located near the secondary network and 2) they are located far away from the secondary network. Moreover, we propose an effective algorithm to minimize the BLERs of the NOMA users by optimizing power allocation coefficients. In addition, a novel multi-output deep-learning …