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Carbon mitigation in the urban residential building sector is critical for China to achieve its carbon peak and carbon neutral commitment. However, how urbanization affects urban residential building carbon emissions is still unclear. This study adopts the panel threshold regression model to explore the dynamic influence mechanism of the urbanization on urban residential building CO₂ emissions based on the evidence from China's 30 provincial regions during 2000–2015. Results indicate that urbanization contributes positively to the increase of urban residential building CO₂ emissions, while such degree of influence varies across different stages of income and energy structure. As for per capita income, the promoting effect of the urbanization on urban residential building CO₂ emissions is enhanced with the growth of per capita income. And the degree of such increasing effect becomes greater when per capita …