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Materials and Methods:

One-hundred mandibular first premolars were collected from different dental schools and primary health care centers of the southern region of Saudi Arabia. Access cavities were prepared, the pulp tissue was dissolved, and teeth were subjected to clearing technique protocol. The transparent teeth were examined under dental microscope and following features were analyzed: number of roots, number of root canals, number of apical foramina, root canal configuration (Vertucci's classification), number of lateral canals, and intercanal communications.

Results:

Of the 100 mandibular first premolars, 80% had a single root, 18% had two roots, whereas 2% were three rooted. Seventy-two percent had a single canal, 26% had two canals, and 2% teeth had three canals. Seventy-three percent had a single apical foramen, 19% had two foramens, 2% had three apical foramens, and 6% had multiple …