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This study aims to explore the relationship between anonymity and participation through a case study of an online learning community in the Integrated Virtual Learning Environment (IVLE) of the National University of Singapore. Throughout one semester, the researchers manipulated the mode of display (real name and anonymous) of one discussion forum in IVLE, following a quasi-experimental design. Content analysis has been carried out to all the forum messages during these four periods, and a questionnaire survey has been conducted to measure students’ motivation of forum contribution. Data collected through both approaches are combined and analyzed. The findings of this on-going research project provide an indepth understanding of the relationship between anonymity and students’ participation in online learning communities.