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Writers often suggest that modern social network analysis began with the publication in 1934 of Jacob L. Moreno's pioneering book on sociometry, Who Shall Survive?(Alba, 1982; Freeman, 1989, p. 17; Wasserman and Faust, 1994, p. 12; Degenne and Forsé, 1994, p. 31). The 2 purpose of the present note is to show that, before 1934 when his book was published, there were antecendents for both Moreno’s own ideas and for a great many of the more recent ideas of social network analysis.

My aim here is not to belittle the tremendous impact of Moreno's work on our field, but only to suggest that several others—people working primarily in educational and developmental psychology—deserve credit for the origination of many of the ideas and methods we now use in network analysis. I will review six of these pre-1934 innovative contributions here: