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Leprosy Type 1 Reaction (T1R) is a chronic inflammatory disorder involving dysregulation between T helper cells, particularly Th17 and Tregs, has been postulated in earlier investigations to be responsible for T1R responses. ILCs (innate lymphoid cells) are predominantly present in the skin and are known to modulate Th17 and Tregs cells. Thus, understanding the pathogenic involvement of ILCs in T1R would offer fresh perspective on the intervention and therapy of T1R reactions.

The study included 20 T1R and 20 non-reaction (NR) patients. By using flowcytometry, we identified both ILC3s and ILCregs, in the MLSA stimulated PBMCs. In-situ skin gene expression of cytokines (IL-17A and TGF-β) was further examined using qPCR.

T1R had significantly (p<0.0001) higher percentages of CD3-CD19- CCR6+IL17A+ (ILC3s) as compared with non-reaction patients. Of interest T1R showed …