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To estimate endophthalmitis incidence after cataract surgery nationally and at the state level in 2003 and 2004 and to explore risk factors.

Analysis of Medicare beneficiary claims data.

We evaluated billed claims for cataract surgery and endophthalmitis diagnosis and treatment for all Medicare fee-for-service beneficiaries in 2003-2004.

Cataract surgeries were identified by procedure codes and merged with demographic information. Cataract annual surgical volume was calculated for all surgeons. Presumed postoperative endophthalmitis cases were identified by International Classification of Diseases-9 Clinical Modification Codes on claims within 42 days after surgery. Endophthalmitis rates and 95% confidence intervals (CI) were calculated at state and national levels. Logistic regression was used to investigate the association between developing …