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Seismo-acoustic detection has demonstrated a high potential for the detection of land mines with a low probability of false alarms. A key element in the implementation and optimization of this new detection approach is the physical model of the mine-soil system. The validated model of the mine-soil system employs a mass-spring approach, which characterizes the dynamic response of the system using very few parameters derived from the dynamic mechanical impedances of the soil and the mines. This presentation describes the model and the results of the impedance measurements of live antitank and antipersonnel mines. The paper also deals with the optimization of the detection algorithm and its performance based on mine types, burial depth, and soil condition.