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The ever-growing global energy demand inflicts the incessant fuel supply at affordable rate. The energy from fossil fuels comprises a major (85%) fraction of energy source, though the stocks of these fuels are being depleted and leading energy crisis. It is estimated about 2-4 trillion barrels of crude oil remain entrapped within the reservoirs due to its very high viscosity. Bio surfactants, the microbial products help to improve the mobility of oil by reducing the viscosity and capillary forces retaining the oil inside the reservoir. Biosurfactants being stable at extreme conditions of temperature, pH and salinity simulating the reservoir environment are the important tools for microbial enhanced oil recovery. These molecules have potential to replenish the depleting reservoirs with tremendous quantity of entrapped oil. On the other hand, supply of sulphur-free fuel is crucial for refineries to combat the pollution problem and to meet the stringent environmental regulations. Sulphur dioxide released from the burning of sulphur laden fuel leads to acid rain and air pollution. In the current scenario, Biodesulphurization (BDS) is a fascinating approach capable of removing complex compounds under mild conditions. The addition of surfactants was found to enhance the BDS rate by improving the solubility of organic compounds to the aqueous media and facilitating the microbes to get better access. Further, the desulphurized products can be converted into the surfactant-like substances subsequently enhancing BDS activity. These two different lines of action, bio surfactant production and bio desulphurization, can work in the integrated manner to improve the recovery …