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Statement: The current article has not been published elsewhere and has not been submitted simultaneously for publication elsewhere.

Purpose: To investigate the preliminary use of three-dimensional (3D) heads-up display (HUD) viewing system for vitreoretinal surgery under various status.

Materials and Methods: Nonrandomized case–control study. Consecutive cases to have vitreoretinal surgery under various status were prospectively recruited. Twenty-five-gauge vitrectomy platform and 3D viewing system were used. Main outcomes included: luminous emittance (lux) of endoillumination pipe, surgical duration, the surgeon and residents’ preference and ergonomics. Consecutive patients to have vitreoretinal surgery with the conventional viewing system were recruited as control group following the same inclusion and exclusion criteria and underwent surgeries by the same surgeon with the same microscope …