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This paper describes about the development of distress rating guidelines and subsequently prioritization of road stretches for pavement assessment and maintenance of rural roads. All pavements deteriorate with time, because of increase in repeated application of vehicular loads and also due to the effect of climatic parameters. The rate of deterioration depends on initial condition of pavement, rate of traffic loading, magnitude of traffic loading, climate conditions etc. With the lack of available historical distress data of roads under diverse climatic condition, it is difficult to develop a representative distress rating guideline for all roads. Moreover, in an emerging economic status of country, like India, allocated budget for maintenance and rehabilitation of roads should be effectively utilized in a scientific manner, employing simple approach for field engineers and decision makers. This paper addresses all these issues by giving a mathematical and pragmatic approach for Pavement Maintenance and Management System (PMMS) for rural roads in India. The study is conducted for rural roads in the state of Rajasthan, India, which are constructed and maintained under government policy named as Pradhan Mantri Gram Sadak Yojana (PMGSY). Distress rating guidelines is developed based on the severity and extent of distresses observed on PMGSY roads. Types of distresses witnessed on these roads are ravelling, potholes, fatigue, longitudinal crack, edge failure, and rutting. For developing a generalized distress rating guidelines, distresses are categorized and quantified with respect to severity and extent of distresses on a numeric scale of 1 to 5, with …