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An apparatus and method for adaptively allocating subchannels according to frequency reuse rates in an OFDMA system are provided. To allocate one or more subchannels to one or more MSs, information related to an optimum FRF and a modulation scheme is received from the plurality of MSs, the number of subchannels required for each FRF is calculated according to the received information, subchannels are allocated to the BS for each FRF, based on the calculated subchannel numbers from the BS and neighboring BSs, and the allocated subchannels are allocated to the MSs.