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Background: Genome-wide association studies (GWAS) of human complex traits or diseases often implicate genetic loci that span hundreds or thousands of genetic variants, many of which have similar statistical significance. These loci may contain one or a handful of causal variants, while the associations of other variants are driven by their linkage disequilibrium (LD). Statistical fine-mapping refines a GWAS locus to a smaller set of likely causal variants (ie, credible set) to facilitate interpretation and prioritize laboratory-based functional studies. Fine-mapping studies in samples of European ancestry have made important advances. Since non-causal variants tagging causal signals have marginally different effects across populations where LD differs, capitalizing on the genomic diversity across ancestries (eg, smaller LD blocks in African populations) holds the promise to further improve the resolution of fine …