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The proposed research is beneficial in two main ways. Firstly, commuters are empowered to receive route guidance that incorporates a mix of transport modes, including cars, buses, trams, bicycles, and walking, in a bid to reduce travel-related carbon emissions and encourage sustainable travel behavior. Secondly, the traffic control and management authorities may use the multi-agent traffic recommender system to view and monitor the live status of the traffic, thus empowering them to take appropriate road traffic control actions to optimize the traffic streams.

The use and coordination of multiple modes of travel efficiently, although beneficial, remains an overarching challenge for urban cities. This paper implements a distributed architecture of an eco-friendly transport guidance system by employing the agent-based paradigm. The paradigm uses software agents to model and represent the complex transport infrastructure of urban environments, including roads, buses, trolleybuses, metros, trams, bicycles, and walking. The system exploits live traffic data (e.g., traffic flow, density, and CO₂ emissions) collected from multiple data sources (e.g., road sensors and SCOOT) to provide multimodal route recommendations for travelers through a dedicated application. Moreover, the proposed system empowers the transport management authorities to monitor the traffic flow and conditions of a city in real-time through a dedicated web visualization. We exhibit the advantages of using different types of agents to represent the versatile nature of transport networks and realize the …