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In this study, coir fibres were studied for use as reinforcement materials for polymer and cementitious composites. The effect of fibre treatment (i.e. 5 wt.% NaOH solution at 20 °C for 30 min) on microstructure and mechanical properties of coir fibre, coir fibre reinforced epoxy (CFRE) and coir fibre reinforced cementitious (CFRC) composites were investigated. Scanning electronic microscope (SEM) studies were carried out to examine the microstructures of untreated and treated coir fibres, fibre/epoxy and fibre/cement interfaces. Mechanical properties of CFRE were determined by vibration, tensile and flexure tests and mechanical properties of CFRC were determined by compression and four-point bending tests, respectively. The test results show that coir fibre had a much cleaner and rougher fibre surface after the alkali treatment. Compared with the untreated CFRE, treatment improved the tensile and flexural …