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Recordings of electrical brain activity allow researchers to track multiple cognitive subprocesses with high temporal resolution. This chapter discusses how the electroencephalogram (EEG) is generated and recorded, and how it is analyzed, including filtering, artifact rejection, and statistical testing. It shows how electrophysiological methods have been used to study language, including discussion of aspects of experimental design, stimuli, and tasks, illustrated with a concrete example study. The chapter ends with some advantages and disadvantages of electrophysiological methods and current developments in their use. It is concluded that the noninvasive measurement of electrical brain activity generates some of the most direct evidence regarding the processes underlying language comprehension, production, and acquisition in the brain. The methods are likely to continue to …