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The present study was conducted to determine the global prevalence and risk factors for pterygium. Three thousand two hundred fifty-five articles were identified, of which 68 articles with a total of 415,911 participants from 24 countries were included in the final analysis. The prevalence of pterygium in the total population was 12% (95% confidence interval [CI] 11–14%). The lowest and highest prevalence rates were, respectively, 3% (95% CI 0.0–9%) in the 10- to 20-year-age group and 19.5% (95% CI 14.3–24.8%) in those over 80 years. The prevalence was 13% (95% CI 11–15%) in men and 12% (95% CI 9–13%) in women. The odds ratio for men was 1.30 (95% CI 1.14–1.45). The lowest prevalence of pterygium was reported in a clinic-based study in Saudi Arabia (0.07%) and the highest prevalence was in China (53%). The odds were 1.24 (95% CI 1.11–1.36) for sunlight exposure over 5 hours, 0.84 (95% CI 0 …