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We have developed an ultrawideband (UWB) random noise radar for through-wall surveillance applications. The operating frequency is in the ultrahigh frequency range, and the entire system is built around the concept of software defined radio. The radar receiver performance is statistically evaluated using both simulation studies and actual measurement results. We also discuss the phenomena of interference level and radar cross section (RCS) of the human target using the receiver operating characteristics (ROC). Experimental results presented show that random noise radars are useful for detecting and tracking humans obscured by building walls.