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With the continual growth of population and shortage of energy resources, the optimal consumption of these resources is of particular importance. One of these energy sources is electricity, with a significant amount being used in pumping stations for water distribution systems (WDS). Determining the proper pumping schedule can make significant savings in energy consumption and particularly in costs. This study aims to present an improved population-based nature-inspired optimization algorithm for pumping scheduling program in WDS. To address this issue, the binary dragonfly algorithm based on a new transfer-function coupled with the EPANET hydraulic simulation model is developed to reduce the energy consumption of pumping stations. The proposed model was firstly implemented and evaluated on a benchmark test example, then on a real water pumping station. Comparison of the proposed method and …