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Preliminary work by the authors made use of the so-called" Man (cid: 173) hattan world" assumption about the scene statistics of city and indoor scenes. This assumption stated that such scenes were built on a cartesian grid which led to regularities in the image edge gra (cid: 173) dient statistics. In this paper we explore the general applicability of this assumption and show that, surprisingly, it holds in a large variety of less structured environments including rural scenes. This enables us, from a single image, to determine the orientation of the viewer relative to the scene structure and also to detect target ob (cid: 173) jects which are not aligned with the grid. These inferences are performed using a Bayesian model with probability distributions (eg on the image gradient statistics) learnt from real data.