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Bootstrap was a project done as part of the European Strategic Program for Research in Information Technology. Its goal was to develop a method for software-process assessment, quantitative measurement, and improvement. In executing that goal, Bootstrap enhanced and refined the Software Engineering Institute's process-assessment method and adapted it to the needs of the European software industry-including nondefense sectors like banking, insurance, and administration. This adaptation provided a method that could be applied to a variety of software-producing units, small to medium software companies or departments that produce software within a large company. Although the Bootstrap project completed in 1993, its attribute-based method for assessing process maturity continues to evolve. The authors describe the elements of the method, how it can be used to determine readiness for ISO 9001 …