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Students’ competence can be measured by observing their performance in terms of task finalisation based on their expertise. The level of student competence can be influenced by many factors. These factors can come from teachers as instructors, students as learners and the environment as a supporter. In Indonesia, students’ competence and their achievement are a critical issue as an alarming number of students, especially vocational school graduates, pass their study through remedial processes. The authors of this article discuss the factors that impact on students’ competence and describe a research framework, based on a literature review, which might contribute to improving the students’ competence. Ultimately, they decide to focus on only three specific factors: teachers’ teaching performance, students’ learning satisfaction, and achievement and motivation.