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Potable water distribution networks (WDNs) and wastewater collection networks (WWCNs) are the two fundamental constituents of the complex urban water infrastructure. Such water networks require adapted design interventions as part of retrofitting, extension, and maintenance activities. Consequently, proper optimization methodologies are required to reduce the associated capital cost while also meeting the demands of acquiring clean water and releasing wastewater by consumers. In this paper, a systematic review of the optimization of both WDNs and WWCNs, from the preliminary stages of development through to the state-of-the-art, is jointly presented. First, both WDNs and WWCNs are conceptually and functionally described along with illustrative benchmarks. The optimization of water networks across both clean and waste domains is then systematically reviewed and organized, covering all levels of …