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The renewable and sustainable energy resources gained greater importance in the current scenario to minimize the environmental pollution load and to compensate the energy demand worldwide. Biodiesel is one of the renewable biofuels which can be produced from vegetable oils and animal fats. The optimization of process variables and conditions for biodiesel production is one of the crucial steps in the process to achieve maximum yield with cost effective manner. Conventional optimization (one-factor at a time) method is well studied and, it possesses some disadvantages like more experimental runs, time and not illuminates the synergistic effect of the process variables. Use of response surface methodology (RSM) in optimization studies is increasing and, it provides the details of the interaction effect of chosen variables with fewer experiments. In this review, the application of RSM for biodiesel production …