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The diversity and ecology of ants in a primary and secondary selectively logged forest was compared over a 12 month period at Danum Valley, Sabah, Malaysia. Species richness and diversity were higher in the primary forest. A total of 192 species from seven subfamilies were recorded. The Myrmicinae was the most common subfamily in species and abundance, for both habitats. Rainfall had some negative effects on subterranean fauna in primary and secondary forest while high temperature diminished the number of arboreal species collected in the primary forest.