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The engineering geological and hydrogeological conditions in the eastern mining area of the Chengchao Iron Mine are analyzed in detail. The results are combined with the results of site investigations and in situ monitoring data, allowing the characteristics of the ground-surface collapse events to be summarized. The mechanism by which ground-surface collapse is induced by underground orebody extraction or de-watering activity was then investigated. The results show that the ground-surface in the mining areas experienced three collapse processes: karst collapse, mixed collapse, and mining-induced collapse. Karst-collapse sinkholes were found during the construction stage of the mine and are generally formed in the marble part of the marble–granite contact zone. These sinkholes show a ‘bead-on-a-string’ distribution, and lines connecting their centers are consistent with the strike of the marble. Such …