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The article presents a rectangular core photonic crystal fiber (RCPCF) structure to detect the major components of blood. We used Topas as bulk fiber material for its extraordinary properties in the terahertz (THz) frequency region and the investigation is accomplished from 0.8 THz to 1.8 THz. The RCPCF sensor provides enriched relative sensitivity (almost 94.38%, 93.72%, 92.94%, 92.14%, and 90.8% for red blood cells (RBCs), hemoglobin (HB), white blood cells (WBCs), plasma, and water respectively at 1.8 THz frequency) with negligible confinement loss (only 2.75 × 10⁻¹³ cm⁻¹, 2.87 × 10⁻¹³ cm⁻¹, 3.06 × 10⁻¹³ cm⁻¹, 3.27 × 10⁻¹³ cm⁻¹, and 3.48 × 10⁻¹³ cm⁻¹ for RBCs, HB, WBCs, plasma, and water respectively at 1.8 THz frequency). Besides, the proposed sensor offers a large effective area (approximately 3.382 × 10⁵ μm², 3.436 × 10⁵ μm², 3.493 × 10⁵ μm², 3.551 × 10⁵ …