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A substantial research base developed over the past 30 years provides evidence for the significant role of psychosocial factors in the management of T1D in children and adolescents. 3–7 We review the main findings from studies of psychological adjustment, psychiatric disorders, neurocognitive and educational functioning, family dynamics, social support, stress and coping, quality of life, and behavioral interventions in children and adolescents with T1D. Based on these research findings, recommendations for optimal psychological care are offered, as detailed in the Executive Summary.