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This paper reports a case study of the interaction between a slow-moving landslide in clay soil and a railway tunnel protected by sheet pile walls, that crosses the landslide accumulation. The earthflow, that develops in the Southern Apennines, Italy, has been long studied and monitored by different organizations, such as the national railway company and the University of Basilicata. Since the investigated landslide and construction typologies are quite diffused in mountainous areas, the case study can be considered representative of a large number of other similar cases. Differently from other approaches proposed in the literature, the role of the landslide slip surface depth, changing in the directions longitudinal and transversal to the tunnel, and of structural connections, affecting the pile–tunnel system response, are accounted for in detail. Several numerical models are used to simulate the interaction …