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The quantity and distribution of adipose tissue are markers of morbidity risk. The third trimester of human development is a period of rapid adipose tissue deposition. Preterm infants may be at risk of altered adiposity. We measured anthropometric indices and quantified total, subcutaneous, and intraabdominal adipose tissue volumes using whole-body magnetic resonance adipose tissue imaging in 38 infants born at< 32 wk gestational age, when they reached term, and 29 term-born infants. The preterm infants at term were significantly lighter and shorter than the term-born infants, but there was no significant difference in head circumference SD score or total adiposity. The preterm infants had a highly significant decrease in subcutaneous adipose tissue and significantly increased intraabdominal adipose tissue. Accelerated postnatal weight gain was accompanied by increased total and subcutaneous adiposity …