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Wireless sensor networks (WSNs) have received significant attention in the last few years in the agriculture field. Among the major challenges for sensor nodes' deployment in agriculture is the path loss in the presence of dense grass or the height of trees. This results in degradation of communication link quality due to absorption, scattering, and attenuation through the crop's foliage or trees. In this study, two new path-loss models were formulated based on the MATLAB curve-fitting tool for ZigBee WSN in a farm field. The path loss between the router node (mounted on a drone) and the coordinator node was modeled and derived based on the received signal strength indicator (RSSI) measurements with the particle swarm optimization (PSO) algorithm in the farm field. Two path-loss models were formulated based on exponential (EXP) and polynomial (POLY) functions. Both functions were combined with PSO …