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The effects of layer orientation and surface roughness on the mechanical properties and fatigue life of 316L stainless steel (SS) fabricated via a laser beam powder bed fusion (LB-PBF) additive manufacturing process were investigated. Quasi-static tensile and uniaxial fatigue tests were conducted on LB-PBF 316L SS specimens fabricated in vertical and diagonal directions in their as-built surface condition, as well as in horizontal, vertical, and diagonal directions where the surface had been machined to remove any effects of surface roughness. In the machined condition, horizontally built LB-PBF specimens possessed higher fatigue resistance, followed by vertically built specimens, while the lowest fatigue resistance was obtained for diagonal specimens. Similarly, in the as-built condition, vertical specimens demonstrated better fatigue resistance when compared to diagonal specimens. Furthermore, the …