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The role of perceptual organization in computer vision systems is explored. This is done from four vantage points. A brief history of perceptual organization research in both humans and computer vision is offered. A classificatory structure in which to cast perceptual organization research to clarify both the nomenclature and the relationships among the many contributions is proposed. The perceptual organization work in computer vision in the context of this classificatory structure is reviewed. The array of computational techniques applied to perceptual organization problems in computer vision is surveyed.< >