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When a CESAREAN is necessary, it can be a life-saving technique for both mother and infant. In recent twenty years, the CESAREAN childbirth rate has increased dramatically. Moreover a CESAREAN costs nearly twice as much as a vaginal birth. The world Health organization states that a CESAREAN rate greater than 10-15% cannot be justified. The aim of this study was to determine the CESAREAN rates and its INDICATION s in social security hospital of Ardabil. In this cross-sectional study was conducted all of the deliveries (both CESAREAN and normal delivery) in Ardabil social security hospital were investigated using a questionnaire including the characteristics of INDICATION. The data were analyzed using SPSS software. 45.4% of the deliveries were done using CESAREAN and 54.6% of them with a normal procedure. 55.8% of all the CESAREAN s had an accepted INDICATION. 44.2% of CESAREAN s were controversial or elective, 22.7% were repeated CESAREAN, 8.4% were breech presentation and 2.3% were golden baby and 10.8% of the CESAREAN s did not have a clear INDICATION. The CESAREAN section rates in this study were higher than world rates. As a result the rising CESAREAN birth rate must be stopped and reversed with health interventions