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The International Criminal Tribunal for the Former Yugoslavia (ICTY) and the International Criminal Tribunal for Rwanda (ICTR), established by the Security Council acting under Chapter VII of the Charter of the United Nations, were the first international criminal tribunals since the Nuremberg Tribunal and International Military Tribunal for the Far East established at the end of World War II. Security Council Resolutions 1503 (2003) and 1534 (2004) provide that the tribunals are to complete their proceedings by the end of 2010. These tribunals ushered in a phase in international criminal law in which ad hoc judicialized institutions are increasingly viable options for postconflict societies. We now have ad hoc tribunals, both hybrid and completely international, for Cambodia, Sierra Leone, Lebanon, and Timor Leste as well as the permanent International Criminal Court (ICC). The age of international criminal …