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Objectives:

To conduct a systematic review and meta-analysis to examine the effect of transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) on reducing neuropathic pain intensity in individuals with spinal cord injury (SCI).

Methods:

Medline, CINAHL, EMBASE and PsycINFO databases were searched for all relevant articles published from 1980 to November 2014. Trials were included if (i) tDCS intervention group and a placebo control group were present;(ii) at least 50% of participants in the study had an SCI and there were at least three participants;(iii) participants were aged 18 years or older; and (iv) persistent pain for at least 3 months. Studies were excluded if:(i) the tDCS intervention group was compared with an active treatment group;(ii) there was insufficient reporting detail to enable pooling of data; and (iii) it was a nonclinical trial (that is, reviews, epidemiology, basic sciences). A standardized mean difference (SMD …