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Visible light communication (VLC) is a technology that uses unlicensed light spectrum resources and high spatial reuse rates for communication. Because it does not occupy any resource allocation in wireless communication, it has fully alleviated the problem of spectrum scarcity in radio frequency (RF) communication and gradually become a new development direction. However, owing to the inherent broadcasting nature of the VLC channel, the VLC link is vulnerable to eavesdropping by unexpected or unauthorized users in spacious public places. Therefore, enhancing the security of the VLC system has attracted extensive attention. This paper studies the security optimization scheme of the VLC system based on the space shift keying (SSK) technology in the free space optical environment called the SSK-VLC system. The antenna selection (AS) technology and artificial noise (AN) cancellation method are adopted to enhance the confidentiality of the SSK-VLC system. In this paper, we presume that the SSK-VLC system includes three parts: a transmitter containing multiple light-emitting diodes, a legitimate receiver, and an eavesdropper, respectively. By using the designed AS and AN method, the transmitted valid information can be demodulated at the legitimate receiver, and at the same time, the received information by the eavesdropper will be disturbed. The simulation results prove that the proposed optimization scheme can further improve the security performance, including the secrecy rate (SR) and the bit error ratio (BER), compared with the traditional SSK-VLC scheme.