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The incorporation of both virtual content and real world in augmented reality (AR) allows real-time engagement with the virtual objects. The selection of an appropriate tracking algorithm is important to optimise the performance of mobile AR applications given the limited processing capabilities and memories of mobile devices like smartphones. Tracking in AR consists of four essential components, namely detector, descriptor, matcher, and pose estimator. Since a descriptor substantially affects the overall performance of a mobile AR application, it must have short computational time and remains invariant to scale, rotation, and lighting changes. Studies have proposed Fast Retina Keypoint (FREAK) descriptor as the most suitable descriptor for mobile AR applications. Unlike other greyscale descriptors, FREAK has shorter computational time and is less likely to be affected by scale and rotation changes. However, it …