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Polar code has the characteristics of simple coding and high reliability, and it has been used as the control channel coding scheme of 5G wireless communication. However, its decoding algorithm always encounters problems of large decoding delay and high iteration complexity when dealing with channel noise. To address the above challenges, this paper proposes a channel noise optimized decoding scheme based on a convolutional neural network (CNN). Firstly, a CNN is adopted to extract and train the colored channel noise to get more accurate estimation noise, and then, the belief propagation (BP) decoding algorithm is used to decode the polar codes based on the output of the CNN. To analyze and verify the performance of the proposed channel noise optimized decoding scheme, we simulate the decoding of polar codes with different correlation coefficients, different loss function parameters, and different code lengths. The experimental results show that the CNN-BP concatenated decoding can better suppress the colored channel noise and significantly improve the decoding gain compared with the traditional BP decoding algorithm.