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This study investigated the empirical relationship between measures of construction safety climate dimensions and safety performance. A comprehensive review of existing literature of construction safety climate was conducted to: (1) review the questionnaires used to measure safety climate dimensions in the construction industry; (2) identify the salient dimensions of safety climate; and (3) establish a consistent definition of each safety climate dimension. Then, a statistical meta-analysis of the empirical relationship between construction safety climate dimensions and safety performance was performed. 107 studies were reviewed, and 11 studies were included in the meta-analysis. The review indicated that 14 construction safety climate dimensions were commonly used to assess safety climate. Of the 14 dimensions, five— supervisor’s safety role (r = 0.30, 95% CI = 0.07 to 0.50), management commitment to …