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In this study, authors propose and investigate a strategy aimed to improve the interaction at the fiber–matrix interface, while tailoring matrix resistance to penetration, in hemp fiber-reinforced cement based mortars. It consists of a chemical modification of the hemp fibers carried out through a Ca(OH)₂ pre-treatment and of a matrix modification using an acrylic elastomeric polymer dispersion as additive. The effect of the pre-treatment, on the thermal and chemical properties of the hemp fibers, has been investigated using X-ray diffractometry, Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy, thermogravimetric analysis and scanning electron microscopy. Results showed that chemical pre-treatment is effective in removing hemicelluloses, lignin and waxes thus providing a clean fibers’ surface and a higher thermal stability. Fiber-reinforced cement based mortars have been manufactured using pristine and treated 12 mm long …