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The study’s objectives were to determine how students’ capacity of autonomy and its influencing factors promote student autonomy in online learning during a pandemic. It was a qualitative design, and the participants were twenty-five students enrolled in an English Language Teaching Methods course at one of Indonesia’s public universities, in Surabaya. The data were collected via online survey and interview. Descriptive statistics, reduction and verification were used to analyze them. The results indicated that the capacity of EFL student teachers during online learning was moderate. Although students could engage in self-direction, self-instruction, and self-access, the instruction’ role was still required since learner autonomy should be taught incrementally to foster their autonomy. Next, motivation and collaboration were the most influential determinants of students’ autonomy. When students are motivated, they …