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A Tim-3 ligand, galectin-9 (Gal-9), modulates various functions of innate and adaptive immune responses. In this study, we demonstrate that Gal-9 prolongs the survival of Meth-A tumor-bearing mice in a dose-and time-dependent manner. Although Gal-9 did not prolong the survival of tumor-bearing nude mice, transfer of naive spleen cells restored a prolonged Gal-9-induced survival in nude mice, indicating possible involvement of T cell-mediated immune responses in Gal-9-mediated antitumor activity. Gal-9 administration increased the number of IFN-γ-producing Tim-3+ CD8+ T cells with enhanced granzyme B and perforin expression, although it induced CD4+ T cell apoptosis. It simultaneously increased the number of Tim-3+ CD86+ mature dendritic cells (DCs) in vivo and in vitro. Coculture of CD8+ T cells with DCs from Gal-9-treated mice increased the number of IFN-γ producing cells and IFN-γ production …